A medical milestone is underway: The world's first mRNA lung cancer vaccine (BNT116) has entered human clinical trials across seven countries. Unlike preventive vaccines, this breakthrough therapeutic treatment trains patients' immune systems to target and destroy existing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors while preventing recurrence. Led by University College London Hospitals, the global Phase 1 trial combines personalized mRNA vaccines with immunotherapy in 130 patients. Early data shows potent immune activation with minimal side effects – potentially turning the tide against the deadliest cancer worldwide. Could this be the beginning of the end for lung cancer's lethality?